THE ROLE OF THYROID FUNCTION IN PREGNANCY: ENSURING HEALTHY OUTCOMES FOR MOTHER AND CHILD

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy induces significant physiological changes, including
alterations in thyroid function, which can profoundly affect maternal and fetal
health. The thyroid gland is essential in regulating metabolism, growth, and
development, and its hormones are important for normal pregnancy progression.
Disruptions in thyroid function can increase the risk of hindering the
development of the baby's brain and raise the risk of issues like preterm birth, low
birth weight, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. They may contribute to
cognitive and developmental delays.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of thyroid function on
pregnancy, highlighting the mechanisms through which thyroid hormone
imbalances affect maternal and fetal outcomes. It also discusses early detection,
appropriate management, and the role of screening in improving pregnancy
outcomes and long-term health for both mother and child.
Methodology: The study was conducted at Pak Red Crescent Teaching Hospital,
Dina Nath, Pakistan, over 9 months. Samples were collected from women who
were not pregnant and women with healthy pregnancies in their third trimester
along with the cord blood of the newborn babies by these pregnant women. The
samples were collected in the 3rd trimester from the pregnant women, and the
biochemical analysis was performed on the serum.
Results: Pregnant women’s Thyroid profile included Triiodothyronine (T3),
Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroglobulin
Antibodies (Tg Ab, and V (TPO Ab); their averages were noticeably greater than
those of the group that wasn’t pregnant. Levels of T3, T4, and TSH in cord blood
of 50 neonates were evaluated as well. Out of 50, three newborns were found to
have low levels of T3, T4, and TSH.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of thyroid function during
pregnancy, as imbalances can cause complications. Early detection, management,
and routine screening are essential for improving outcomes and ensuring
long-term health for both mother and child